Anti-tax fervor has become a defining aspect of American politics—so much so, that here in Indiana we are getting ready to enshrine a so-called “property tax cap” in the state’s Constitution. (The existing law imposing such a cap is evidently considered inadequate.) Those of us who question the wisdom of such a measure are often accused of being “for” taxes—a clearly incomprehensible position.
Let me pose a question. What is a tax? Do we know one when we see one?
The answer begins with the simple premise that there is no such thing as a free lunch. Goods and services cost money, and that money has to come from somewhere. If the city picks up your garbage, payment comes from your taxes; if you employ a private scavenger service, you pay for pickup directly. There may be economies of scale that make the city service cheaper or there may not, but however the service is provided, it has to be paid for.
Policymakers face a series of questions. The first, and most important, is whether a service needs to be provided at all. What is the benefit to a community of garbage collection, or bus service, or libraries? Do we require police and fire services? A sports arena?
In some cases, the public benefit is obvious. If we don’t collect the garbage, we risk the public health; if we don’t provide fire protection, public safety suffers. Of course, we could simply require that property owners buy these services on the open market; in fact, many communities used to do just that. These and other public services were “socialized”—that is, they were provided communally—because it was cheaper and more efficient to have government provide them. They didn’t suddenly become “free”—we just paid for them differently.
If we want services, we have to pay for them. Calling that payment a “user fee” or a “utility bill” doesn’t change that. We can certainly debate whether we really need a particular service—some people would be perfectly happy to dispense with massive sports stadiums, others would cheerfully do without libraries. But if we do want them—and our streets paved, our neighborhoods policed and our parks mowed—we have to pay for them.
Transparency in government is considered a good thing because it allows voters to see what their elected officials are doing, and where their money is actually going. The problem with the current anti-tax fervor is that it penalizes transparency and rewards official game-playing. Voters’ hostility to paying taxes—coupled with their insistence on continuing to receive services—sends elected officials a clear message: lie to us.
“Cap” our taxes and find “nontax revenue sources.” Shift expenses from operating to capital budgets, so you can borrow money to cover operating expenses. Blame the federal government for service cuts. Hide the street repair money in our utility bills.
It’s more costly when we do things that way—but the payments aren’t called taxes, and evidently that’s all that counts.
Two things built inequities into the uncapped property tax system however. One was that the government was artificially creating an economy based on double digit increases in property values. Under a system where values increased at near the rate of inflation, perhaps there wasn’t a need for caps. The second, also government created, was a system, still in place, where the government excluded, by homestead credits, nearly half of the value of a median priced home in Marion County. That unreasonably skewed the burden of actually paying property taxes to above-median homes, which as noted above, were seeing a disproportionate increase in their value. We still see the effect of both in voting for above-the-cap property tax referendums – in areas with a substantial number of below median valued properties, above-the-cap increases have nearly no effect on the majority of homes, but have a large effect on higher priced homes. Thus the referendums almost always pass, because most voters are simply voting for a tax on someone else.
The animosity expressed towards taxes in my opinion seems to stem from the lack of accountability. People know all too well what tax dollars are being used for and there is not disagreement about the principle of taxation, but instead it is the taxation for ‘social’ services that exceed the ‘budget’ of the population for which government is tasked with serving.
Property taxes are inherently stable, and make a good foundation for local and government – because real estate can’t pick itself up and move out of the county or the state. Other revenue streams can, and do.
Witness California’s economy – their property tax caps imposed back in the 70s make their state budget a giant game of Jenga, liable to topple over at any moment.