Can you stand one more diatribe about the importance of civic literacy? Especially now, as Congressional hearings and Supreme Court decisions demonstrate not just how close we’ve come to disaster?
An enormous amount of research confirms that far too many Americans lack even the most basic knowledge needed to make informed public judgments. Productive civic engagement simply cannot occur absent an accurate understanding of both American history and the “rules of the game”– especially but not exclusively the Constitution and Bill of Rights, the documents that frame and constrain policy choices in America.
The American Constitution was a product of the Enlightenment, the 18th Century philosophical movement that gave us science, empirical inquiry, and the “natural rights” and “social contract” theories of government. Too few Americans are familiar with the Enlightenment—and even fewer recognize that it changed the definition of individual liberty. The Puritans who settled the New World had seen liberty as “freedom to do the right thing”—freedom to worship and obey the right God in the true church, and their right to use the power of government to make sure their neighbors did the same. (Sort of like the current majority on the Supreme Court.) It’s a perspective embraced by today’s Puritans, like Ron DeSantis.
The Enlightenment ushered in the belief that we humans are entitled to a significant degree of individual autonomy just because we’re human– and that government has an obligation to respect those inborn, inalienable rights. Accordingly, the Bill of Rights was written to protect us from overzealous government. The Bill of Rights is essentially a list of things that government is forbidden to do– dictate our religious or political beliefs, search us without probable cause, or censor our expression, for example—and it can’t do those things even when popular majorities approve.
Of particular relevance today is the fact that the U.S. Constitution as amended and construed over the years guarantees all citizens an equal right to participate in democratic governance– and to have our preferences count at the ballot box. Those guarantees are meaningless without sustained civic engagement by an informed, civically-literate citizenry.
Let me say that a different way: Protection of our constitutional rights ultimately depends upon the existence of a civically-literate electorate.
America’s political culture is the most toxic it has been in my lifetime– and I’m old. There are lots of theories about how we got here—from partisan gerrymandering and residential sorting to increasing tribalism to fear generated by rapid social and technological change and exacerbated by dishonest partisan media. But our current inability to engage in productive civic conversation is also an outgrowth of declining trust in our social and political institutions—primarily government. Restoring that trust is critically important —but in order to trust government, we have to understand what it is and isn’t supposed to do.
We have to understand how the people we elect are supposed to behave in order to recognize deviations from that standard.
Bottom line: an accurate, basic, common understanding of America’s history and philosophy is absolutely critical to our continued ability to talk to each other, build community and function as Americans, rather than as members of rival tribes competing for power and advantage. Unfortunately, basic civic knowledge is in very short supply, as even a cursory glance at FaceBook or Twitter will demonstrate.
The great debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists were about the proper role of government. We’re still having that debate. The overarching issue is where to strike the balance between government power and individual liberty. The issue, in other words, is: who decides? Who decides what book you read, what prayer you say, who you marry, whether you procreate, how you use your property? Who decides when the state may justifiably deprive you of liberty—or tell you to wear a mask?
In our Constitutional system, individuals have the right to make their own political and moral decisions, even when lots of other people believe those decisions are wrong. What they don’t have is the right to harm or endanger others, or the right to deny an equal liberty to people with whom they disagree. Drawing those lines can be difficult; it’s impossible when significant numbers of citizens don’t understand the most basic commitments of our constituent documents.
When people don’t understand when government can properly impose rules and when it can’t– when they don’t understand the most basic premises of our legal system– our public discourse is impoverished and ultimately unproductive.
That’s where we are today.
Widespread civic ignorance has allowed dishonest partisans to rewrite history, pervert our basic institutions, and ignore the rule of law– not only undermining the Constitution but eroding the trust essential to the maintenance of democratic institutions.
To quote a former President, we are in “deep doodoo.”
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